Day Two 23rd September 2026Wednesday, 23 September 2026

• Agricultural field trial or on-farm trial, for the purpose of Maintaing a higher yield of the local varieties such as: “Eiwess, Hendi & zebdeya, fonse, balady “
• Current experiment was carried out on local Egyptian traditional mango varieties to investigate the effect of the current protocol used when applied to old mango trees (30 years old) in the preharvest period. The above-cited protocol combinations with the mentioned dosage & concentrations, were sprayed 5 times on healthy mango trees in an orchard adopting recommended agricultural practices.

Protocol steps:

1st spray (Fungicidal application: Micronized Soreil KZ - Dose 1500 gm, conc. 70% - Feb 2025, Fruit set stage

2nd Spray: (Fungicidal application: TOPSIN 70%WP, Dose: 400gm – March 2025

3rd spray: (Fungicial application: SUMAGHT Powder – Dose: 500Gm – April 2025

4th spray: (Insecticide application: LAMBADCYHALOTHRIN 10% EC), dose: 2 Liters – May 2025

5th spray: (Insecticide application: TRIPLE PYROTHIDE comb.Dose: 2 Litres) – June 2025

The above protocol also included the use of Fertilizers (3cycles) in parallel as below:

1st cycle: date Feb 2025, Magnesium sulphate Dosage: 25Kgm + Ammonium Nitrates 50 Kgm

2nd cycle: date: EARLY June 2025, Ammonium Nitrates 50 Kgm + MgSO4 25Kgm + Kso4 Potassium Sulphate 25Kgm

3rd cycle: Early July 2025, Ammonium Nitrates 50 Kgm

The mango farm is situated in El Obour Orabi farms, kalioubiya. Immediately after harvest, a sample of 100 mature intact fruits was taken from each treatment and control. Fruits were transported to fruit handling research laboratory for cold storing (13 ± 1°C and RH 85-90%) and estimating fruit quality & yield was weighed each month.

Key findings:

• The results indicated that treatments caused a pronounced beneficial effect in lowering fruit drop, counted after 2 months of fruit setting, compared to control trees which recorded a percentage of drop between 80% and 94%, in both seasons

• The production yield in summer 2025 weighed a total of: 5 Tons for the cultivated area of 4.5 Feddans
• Proactively combating climate-induced heat stress and fluctuating temperatures by shifting to heat-resistant foreign varieties: Naomi, Keitt, Kent, Crimson, and Yasmina are highly advised by the Author in-line with the recommendations of the Egyptian Ministry of Agriculture.
• Greenhouse Protection & Canopy Management, as well as Advanced Pest Surveillance & Technology as digital documentation, remote sensing, and expanded trap monitoring to ensure early detection of fruit flies and other pests, all are highly advisable by the Author for better future results, in-line with the recommendations of the Egyptian Ministry of Agriculture & Land reclamation.

Global agriculture is moving at an accelerating pace toward adopting zero-emission and eco-friendly solutions, in line with sustainable development requirements. In this context, natural plant extracts are no longer merely an alternative to chemical pesticides; rather, they have become a fundamental pillar of modern biological control systems. This lecture highlights the journey of these promising compounds, starting from their innovation and development in "green laboratories" based on clean chemistry principles, leading to the challenges and opportunities of their actual application on a large field scale. The lecture will focus on reviewing the roadmap for biotechnology transfer through three main axes: Innovation in the Green Lab: Reviewing eco-friendly extraction methods (such as the use of natural deep eutectic solvents and ultrasound applications) that ensure obtaining the highest concentration of bioactive compounds (such as phenols and terpenes) without causing environmental pollution. Dual Inhibition Mechanisms: Explaining how these green extracts function through multi-target mechanisms, which minimizes the chances of pests and pathogens developing biological resistance, alongside their role as indirect stimulants of the plant's systemic acquired immunity. Field Application and Simulation: Discussing the traditional gap between the controlled laboratory environment and open field conditions (the impact of UV radiation, temperature, and humidity), while presenting innovative solutions to enhance the stability of extracts in the field. Finally, it is crucial to recognize that investing in "green biocontrol" is not just an environmental choice, but an economic necessity that ensures the production of safe, residue-free crops. These extracts must transition from laboratory shelves into the hands of farmers as effective and sustainable commercial products.

The most problem in palm date culture in Gulf countries and North Africa are soil salinities, Water shortage, the stress of high temperature and low soil fertility. Humic acids based Leonardite as biostimulant and soil conditioner can reduce these negative effects of this problem on date palm trees through improving the soil structure, increasing the soil water retention, reducing the salinity and salt stress in the soil, stimulating the root growth and enhancing the nutrient availability. The results of the application of granulate Humic acid (Perlhumus) on the date Palm trees in UAE und in Saudi Arabia have showed the reduction of the soil Salinity and increasing the effect of applied fertilizer in compared with date Palm trees without granulated Humic acid. The yield of treated date Palm trees has increased about 17% compared with untreated Palm trees. At the same time the quality of date fruit has increased too.

Inconsistent field performance remains a key barrier to wider adoption of biocontrol agents and biostimulants. The presentation will focus on adjuvant technologies as performance-enabling solutions, with formulation serving as an underlying enabler rather than the central theme. We examine how foliar and soil-applied adjuvants strengthen microbial biocontrol robustness and enhance biostimulant efficacy under field variability.

Greenhouse research illustrates this with two adjuvant systems: one soil adjuvant with moisture-structuring properties, and one foliar applied with protection and boosting effects. Adjuvant-enhanced combinations achieved superior plant growth or biocontrol performance.

Beyond boosting biostimulant and biocontrol outcomes, soil adjuvants are presented as strategic tools for water management—critical under drought and constrained irrigation—while also enhancing the performance of other soil-applied crop inputs. Together, these findings position adjuvant innovation as a practical, high-impact lever for improving consistency, resource efficiency, and resilience in sustainable agriculture.

As a complementary case study, Clariant is also bringing to market an innovative plant-based biostimulant built on a synergistic blend of high-quality protein hydrolysate and amino acid derivatives. It demonstrates consistent performance across multiple crops and abiotic stress conditions—improving drought stress tolerance, mitigating cold stress, increasing biomass, and enhancing overall plant growth, crop quantity, and quality. It is suitable for conventional and organic farming making it a relevant example of how formulation-driven biostimulant design translates into robust, field-consistent performance.

Water scarcity, high temperature, and salt accumulation on lands are serious problems causing significant losses to crop yield. Developing environmentally friendly strategies to mitigate these agricultural problems could boost agricultural production in unfavorable conditions and/or uncultivated lands. We discovered that pretreatment with ethanol, a cheap and environmentally friendly chemical, enhances drought, heat, and high-salinity tolerance in various plants, such as Arabidopsis, rice, wheat, maize, lettuce, tomato and cassava, and named the technology as EGAO (Ethanol-based Global Agricultural Optimization; http://pgn.riken.jp/egao/index_en.html). Ethanol pretreatment enhances high-salinity tolerance by detoxifying ROS, and induces heat tolerance through stimulation of the endoplasmic reticulum stress response, increased expression of stress resilience-related genes encoding LEA proteins, ROS detoxification enzymes, and activated gluconeogenesis. Furthermore, ethanol pretreatment induces stomatal closure and increases sugar accumulation, resulting in enhanced drought tolerance.