Day Two 23rd September 2026Wednesday, 23 September 2026

• Agricultural field trial or on-farm trial, for the purpose of Maintaing a higher yield of the local varieties such as: “Eiwess, Hendi & zebdeya, fonse, balady “
• Current experiment was carried out on local Egyptian traditional mango varieties to investigate the effect of the current protocol used when applied to old mango trees (30 years old) in the preharvest period. The above-cited protocol combinations with the mentioned dosage & concentrations, were sprayed 5 times on healthy mango trees in an orchard adopting recommended agricultural practices.

Protocol steps:

1st spray (Fungicidal application: Micronized Soreil KZ - Dose 1500 gm, conc. 70% - Feb 2025, Fruit set stage

2nd Spray: (Fungicidal application: TOPSIN 70%WP, Dose: 400gm – March 2025

3rd spray: (Fungicial application: SUMAGHT Powder – Dose: 500Gm – April 2025

4th spray: (Insecticide application: LAMBADCYHALOTHRIN 10% EC), dose: 2 Liters – May 2025

5th spray: (Insecticide application: TRIPLE PYROTHIDE comb.Dose: 2 Litres) – June 2025

The above protocol also included the use of Fertilizers (3cycles) in parallel as below:

1st cycle: date Feb 2025, Magnesium sulphate Dosage: 25Kgm + Ammonium Nitrates 50 Kgm

2nd cycle: date: EARLY June 2025, Ammonium Nitrates 50 Kgm + MgSO4 25Kgm + Kso4 Potassium Sulphate 25Kgm

3rd cycle: Early July 2025, Ammonium Nitrates 50 Kgm

The mango farm is situated in El Obour Orabi farms, kalioubiya. Immediately after harvest, a sample of 100 mature intact fruits was taken from each treatment and control. Fruits were transported to fruit handling research laboratory for cold storing (13 ± 1°C and RH 85-90%) and estimating fruit quality & yield was weighed each month.

Key findings:

• The results indicated that treatments caused a pronounced beneficial effect in lowering fruit drop, counted after 2 months of fruit setting, compared to control trees which recorded a percentage of drop between 80% and 94%, in both seasons

• The production yield in summer 2025 weighed a total of: 5 Tons for the cultivated area of 4.5 Feddans
• Proactively combating climate-induced heat stress and fluctuating temperatures by shifting to heat-resistant foreign varieties: Naomi, Keitt, Kent, Crimson, and Yasmina are highly advised by the Author in-line with the recommendations of the Egyptian Ministry of Agriculture.
• Greenhouse Protection & Canopy Management, as well as Advanced Pest Surveillance & Technology as digital documentation, remote sensing, and expanded trap monitoring to ensure early detection of fruit flies and other pests, all are highly advisable by the Author for better future results, in-line with the recommendations of the Egyptian Ministry of Agriculture & Land reclamation.

Water scarcity, high temperature, and salt accumulation on lands are serious problems causing significant losses to crop yield. Developing environmentally friendly strategies to mitigate these agricultural problems could boost agricultural production in unfavorable conditions and/or uncultivated lands. We discovered that pretreatment with ethanol, a cheap and environmentally friendly chemical, enhances drought, heat, and high-salinity tolerance in various plants, such as Arabidopsis, rice, wheat, maize, lettuce, tomato and cassava, and named the technology as EGAO (Ethanol-based Global Agricultural Optimization; http://pgn.riken.jp/egao/index_en.html). Ethanol pretreatment enhances high-salinity tolerance by detoxifying ROS, and induces heat tolerance through stimulation of the endoplasmic reticulum stress response, increased expression of stress resilience-related genes encoding LEA proteins, ROS detoxification enzymes, and activated gluconeogenesis. Furthermore, ethanol pretreatment induces stomatal closure and increases sugar accumulation, resulting in enhanced drought tolerance.